Modica is the historic capital of a territory that largely corresponds to the present-day Free Municipal Consortium of Ragusa. Until the 19th century it was the capital of a powerful county that exercised significant political, economic, and cultural influence, to the point of being considered one of the most important feudal domains in southern Italy.

Modica boasts a rich repertoire of gastronomic specialties, the result of the blending of the many cultures that have ruled the city over the centuries. It is particularly famous for the production of the traditional Chocolate of Modica, whose origins are inspired by an ancient Aztec method.

Its historic center, rebuilt after the devastating 1693 Sicily earthquake, represents one of the most significant examples of late Baroque architecture. For its masterpieces, the city was included in 2002—together with the Val di Noto—on the World Heritage list of UNESCO.

Many houses in the older part of the city, built closely one upon another, are often extensions of ancient caves that have been inhabited since prehistoric times. Around 700 caves have been identified—some still visible and others incorporated into newer buildings—that were once used as homes or for other purposes.

Of particular historical importance is the excellent state of preservation of the Quartiriccio necropolis, located in the heart of the historic center.